The land of Boysun hides many mysteries which are waiting for archeologists to discover the historical value of this region. The first traces of civilization after the Neolithic sites relate to the 17th-15th centuries B.C. They belong to the tribes of the late Sappali culture. In the 14th Ц 13th centuries B.C. the Bandykhan oasis in the south of Boysun was occupied by new tribes. The artificial channel going through Bandykhan settlement witnesses the introduction of irrigated agriculture. From that period humun occupation in uninterrupted in the middle of the 1st millennium B.C. Boysun became a part of ancient Bactria, a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire. The area of Bandykhan extended up to 13 hectares. In the 6th-4th centuries B.C. a new settlement (todayТs Gazimullah-tepa) rose beside it, occupying an area of about 10 hectares. In the lower reaches of the Bandykhansai a big settlement grew up near the kishlak of Khodja. The first settlements rose at the foothills of Boysuntog during this period. They were located along the major route going from the Amu Darya to Sogdian domains. Their traces have been preserved at Sultankul-tepa near Derbent kishlak and at Munchak-tepa near the kishlak of Munchak. Boysun warriors may have been moving the Bactrian troops participating in Achaemenid military campaigns in the Middle East. It is known that the Bactrian cavalry acquitted itself with honour during the battle of Darius III at Gavgamels.
         Archaeological material suggests that Boysun represents the УMeadow LandФ Ц Margiana mentioned in antique sources in connection with the campaign of Alexander the Great. Quitnus Curtius Rufus described the movement of the AlexanderТs army: УCrossing the rivers of Ochus and ќxus, he arrived to the city of Margiana. The places for six fortresses were chosenЕ close to each other in order to provide prompt support. All of them were located on high hills as a bridle for conquered tribesФ. In 2003, the Boysun expedition discovered that the round fortress of Kurganzol to the south of Rabat dated to the time of Alexander. Earlier the fortress of Poenkurgan was excavated to the north from Rabat. Scholars consider that they were the two of AlexanderТs six fortresses. The rock-fortresses of Bactrian rulers which Alexander's army had to assault were probably located here, around the Iron Gates at Derbent. The rock of Arimazus is localized today at the cuesta of Sarymas, and the rock of Sisimitures is associated with the ruins of Uzundara fortress on Susyz-tog cuesta. To the east of Boysun Alexander took the fortress of Chorienes where he captured the daughter of Oxiartus, the beautiful Roxana. The Bactrian chiefs Oxyartes, Sisimitures and Chorienes kept their domains and property, while Roxane became the wife of Alexander and gave birth to his son. Upon the death of Alexander Bactria became part of the Seleucid state and later formed the core of the Greco-Bactrian kingdom.