The mountains of Boysun are among the few places in Central Asia where the fossilized remains of animals living tens millions of years ago have been preserved. Dinosaurs’ footprints were found near the kishlak of Gumatak. Local residents told about tridactyl prints, which probably belonged to “raptor”-type dinosaurs. Boysun was a territory inhabited by prehistoric man. A site of the most ancient hominids of the Neanderthal type was discovered in the world-famous cave of Teshik-Tash, dating from the 100-40 millennia B.C. The more than three thousand lithic tools, including blades and oval scrapers, found at the site were used as cutting instruments for wood and skins processing. Mountain goats are the main dier of the cave’s dwellers, but they hunted deer, bears and leopards. The archaeologists found a ritual burial of a child of 8-9 years. His skull and fragments of the skeleton allowed the appearance of the Neanderthal human from Teshik-Tash to be reconstructed. Homo Sapiens proper appeared in Boysun in the Neolithic period. The big settlement at the upper Machai-sai represents a peripheral Neolithic Guissar culture and dates to the 6-5th millennia B.C. Two hundred wall paintings of “magic hunting” were found in the mountains of Kughitang at the Zaraut-sai.