In 1647, ten years after completion of Sher-Dor madrasah, the construction of another madrasah - Tillya-Kari was started at the northern side of Registan, on the place of Mirzoi caravanserai. By the mid-17th century, Amir Temur's (Bibi-Khanym) cathedral mosque had already ruined and a new big mosque was required in the center of Samarkand, what caused the construction of Tillya-Kari. Besides that, the madrasah of Alik Kukeltash had been also lost. Yalangtush-biy made a decision to construct a new complex on Registan, which should have combined a madrasah and cathedral mosque. Construction of Tillya-Kari had taken almost twenty years and was completed five years after the of Yalangtush-biy, in 1660.
The big dome hall for the new cathedral mosque was built at the western side of the madrasah’s yard. Inside, opposite the entrance to the mosque there is mihrab, decorated with marble. To the right there is minbar with high marble steps. The mosque is covered with rich carpet-like pattern from the floor up to the top. The ornament was done in a technique "kundal" with plenty of gold. Therefore, the madrasah was called Tillya-Kari, i.e. “covered with gold” (or "gilt"). The scale of gilding on the dome, walls and mihrab of Tillya-Kari surpasses all famous architectural structures in Central Asia, what gives the evidence for intention to strike visitors by splandour and richness. The yard was used for praying. Beside the mosque, there are galleries on columns. On perimeter were located hudjras for students: in two floors at the main façade and in one - at two others. To get into the madrasah from the square of Registan was possible through three entrance doors. Unlike two other buildings on Registan, Tillya-Kari has no towers and corner minarets. Instead of them, there are low turrets with lanterns covered by blue domes.
By the 20th century, facing of the madrasah had been largely lost. The blue dome of the mosque remained uncompleted and was finished just in the 1970s during restoration works. The gilded ornaments in the mosque were restored at the same time.